I am sure you must have thought at some point that when an airplane flies in the sky, then how do they not collide with each other? Or this weather department, that is, the meteorological department, already has an idea about how the storm is going to come.
What technique do they have? So that technique is radar, which tracks the location of airplanes, easily does big tasks like tracking storms. Not only that, this technique is also used to tell the safe route to the planes and to find out the location of the enemy’s aircraft and missiles.
So what is this radar technique, how does it work, when and where is it being used? Are there different types of it? And to know a lot about radar, stay tuned to the end of this article. So let’s move ahead and know about radar in a little detail.
So the full form of radar is Radio Detection and Ranging. Because radar is a technique that uses radio waves to see things in the distance, that is, it detects and can also measure their distance, that is, range, so it is called radar.
In simple terms, you can also understand it like that torch that we use in the dark. When we turn on that torch and see something, then the light of the torch falls on something, that is, on the object, and then it comes back to our eyes.
Similarly, the radar also sends radio waves that collide with an object and come back. And the radar tells us its distance, direction, speed. How does it work, we will know in more detail, but first let’s know when the radar was invented.
So the basic concept of radar was developed long before the Second World War. And during the Second World War, radar played an important role in preventing air and ship attacks.
And after that, the use of radar began to be done in many tasks such as managing air traffic, studying the weather pattern and studying cosmic objects, which is still going on.
In addition, the use of radar is also used to track enemy aircraft, missiles and ships. Police also use it to detect those vehicles that exceed the speed limit. In sports, the use of radar is used to analyze the speed and movement of athletes.
And radar is also used to track wild animals in the jungle and to monitor pollution. Now let’s know how the radar works. So first of all, the radar continuously sends radio waves through an antenna.
These waves run at the speed of light, and when these waves collide with an object, a part of it returns to the radar, as if the ball comes back when the ball is thrown on the wall.
These returning waves come to the receiver antenna in the radar, after which the radar measures how long it took the radio waves to return. And because it is important to know the distance of an object, what is the speed of that object, what is its speed and how long it has been running.
So here the radar finds the time by going back to the object of the radio waves. And it is already aware of the speed because the radio waves run at the speed of light, and this speed is about 3 lakh kilometers per second. So with the help of this, the radar finds the distance of that object.
How far can a radar see? It is affected by the size of its power antenna, the frequency of the waves, the size of the objects and the weather conditions. But generally the radar can see up to several hundred kilometers from a few kilometers. And if it is a high- quality radar, it can also see up to thousands of kilometers.
Like air traffic control radar can usually see up to 200 to 300 kilometers. Military radar can also see up to several hundred kilometers. And space radar can see up to thousands of kilometers.
This radar not only finds out the distance of the object, but can also tell its direction and speed. The work of telling the direction is done by its antenna, which keeps rotating continuously.
When this antenna points towards an object and the waves return from it, then the direction of that object is known. And the speed is known by the Doppler effect, according to which the radar hears the sound of the waves coming from an object and tells how fast that object is coming or going away.
Just like we can hear the siren of a car coming and tell whether it is coming to us or going away. Here it is also important for you to understand that the speed of the radio waves is used to find the distance of the object and the Doppler effect is used to measure the speed and direction of the objects.
The speed of the radio waves is fixed and constant, that is, it does not change, while the Doppler effect can keep changing. That is, the radar uses radio waves to measure the distance of an aircraft and can also use the Doppler effect to measure the speed and direction of the aircraft.
And in this way, the radar can find out the distance, direction and speed of an object. If we understand this with an example, then assume that there is a radar at an airport.
This radar is continuously sending radio waves. Now, when an airplane is coming towards this airport, then something like this happens. Radar waves collide with the airplane and after colliding, some waves return to the radar. The radar measures how long it took the waves to go to and return to the airplane. At this time, the radar finds out how far the airplane is.
In this process, the antenna of the radar keeps rotating continuously. When the antenna is in the direction of the airplane, it gets the strongest signal, which tells it where the airplane is coming from. The Doppler effect confirms the direction told by the antenna.
If the antenna is telling that the airplane is in the north direction and the Doppler effect is telling that the frequency of the airplane is increasing, then it means that the airplane is coming towards us in the north direction. Similarly, if the frequency of the airplane is decreasing, then it means that the airplane is going away from the radar.
And at this time, the changes in the frequency are measured and the speed of the airplane is also known. This process is very fast. The radar repeats this process thousands of times every second, which keeps getting information about constantly changing situations.
By the way, the radar can give some information about the size of an object. However, it is not as accurate as the information about the distance, direction and speed of the object. To estimate the size of an object, the radar has to analyze the pattern of radio waves that are transformed from the object.
If the size of the object is very large, then the pattern of the waves that are transformed from the radar is also very large. On this basis, the radar estimates that the object is large but the radar cannot tell how large or small the size of the object is. And in this way, you have learned how the radar
works, it finds out all these things with full accuracy and how accurate it can be. So let’s move on and find out what is the difference between a radar and a sonar. So the radar works in the air and uses radio waves. It is used for airplanes, ships, weather information and military purposes, while the sonar works in water. And by using sound waves, it finds out about objects such as ships to catch fish and oil wells in the sea.
let’s know about the different types of radar.
- 1. Ground Penetrating Radar
- 2. Airborne Radar
- 3. Space Radar
- 4. Astronomical Radar
- 5. Marine Radar
- 6. Oceanic Radar
- 7. Continuous Wave Radar
- 8. Powerful Pulse Radar
- 9. Continuous Wave Radar
- 10. Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar
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